Voltage to Time A/D converter (Ramp type) Any digital voltmeter has a fundamental cycle sequence which involves sampling, display, and reset sequence. The application of input voltage initiates the measurement cycle. The oscillator is automatically switched with the operator and its output consists of pulses which are counted by an electronic counter. A units counter is first actuated. This units counter provides a carry pulse to the tens counter on using the counter input pulse. In turn, the tens counter provides its own carry pulse after it has counted 10 carry pulses from the units counter. If excess input voltage is being measured, it provides its own carry pulse which switches on a warning lamp. Each decade counter unit in a DVM is counted as a D to A converter. Outputs of a D to A convertor are connected in parallel which build up a comparison voltage. At the instant when the comparison section senses that the input voltage and comparison voltages ar...