Introduction Pulse modulation includes many different methods of converting information into pulse form for transferring pulses from a source to a destination. The four dominant methods are: 1. Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) 2. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 3. Pulse Position Modulation (PAM) 4. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Pulse Amplitude Modulation Pulse-amplitude modulation, also called PAM, is a form of signal modulation where the signal is encoded in the amplitude of a series of signal pulses. Example: A two-bit modulator (PAM-4) will take two bits at a time and will map the signal amplitude to one of four possible levels, for example −2 volts, −1 volt, 1 volt, and 2 volts. It is widely used in base band transmission of digital data
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