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Water-Turbine

By Ashik


• Water under pressure contains energy.
• Turbines convert the energy in water into rotating mechanical energy.
• Impulse turbines convert the kinetic energy of a jet of water to mechanical energy.
• Reaction turbines convert potential energy in pressurized water to mechanical energy.



Impulse Turbines

• Tolerate sand.
• Easy to fabricate.
• Efficient at wide a range of head and flow.
• Anozzle convertspressurised water into a high-speed jet of water.


•Pelton
–LowFlow
–Medium to High Head
•Turgo
–Medium Flow
–Medium to High Head
• Crossflow
–HighFlow
–Low to Medium Head
Pelton Turbines
 
 • At least one jet of water strike the buckets at atmospheric pressure.
• Maximum jet diameter about 1/3 bucket width.
• More jets increase flow and are used at low head.                                                  
Pelton Turbine






















 Multiple nozzles

  • Four to six nozzles may be added before splash interference occurs.
  •  Power output is proportional to the number  of nozzles.














 Spear Valves

• Aspear valve changes the nozzle size without stopping the turbine.
• Expensive.
                             




                                                                         Deflectors
• Deflectors can be used to vary flow.
• Usually used for emergency stop without causing water hammer.




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